Guide to Japan's Castles: The 6 Original Treasures of the Samurai Era

If you're looking for an authentic Japanese experience, to immerse yourself in its feudal history and learn more about the lives of the legendary samurai, visiting an "original castle" is a must. These are castles that have survived intact since the feudal era, not modern reconstructions. Here are some of the most fascinating, where you can walk on the same wood as the samurai and be captivated by the charm of Japanese culture.

6. Hirosaki Castle

Built in 1611, Hirosaki Castle is the only castle in the Tohoku region that wasn't rebuilt in the modern era. Its current three-story keep dates from 1810, following a fire. It's located in Hirosaki Park, a vast 0.6 km² area that's one of Japan's best spots for cherry blossom viewing. With over 2,500 trees, flower tunnels, and moats covered in petals, the experience is spectacular, especially during an annual festival held from April 23 to May 5.

5. Matsuyama Castle

This is one of Japan's twelve original castles. Perched atop Mount Katsuyama, it offers panoramic views of the city and the Seto Inland Sea. Its design is complex and captivating: to reach the main tower, you must pass through a series of well-defended gates. Its keep is one of the few in the country with multiple wings. Some 200 cherry trees make this a magical place to visit in late March or early April.

4. Bitchu-Matsuyama Castle

To distinguish it from the previous one, this castle is known as Bitchu-Matsuyama. It is the oldest surviving castle in Japan and the only mountain castle among the original twelve. At 430 meters above sea level, it is also the tallest. Reaching it is part of the adventure: from the nearest parking lot, you must hike for about 20 minutes. The path leads you through the foundations of ancient structures and multiple defensive rings, giving you a real sense of just how impregnable it once was.

3. Hikone Castle

Completed in 1622 after 20 years of construction, this castle was the home of Clan II. It is an original castle where, in addition to the main tower, most of the inner moats, walls, guardhouses, and gates are preserved. Parts of the palace have also been reconstructed, giving you a very complete picture of what a feudal castle looked like. Its three-story tower is small but has a unique design that combines several architectural styles, which is why it is designated a National Treasure.

2. Matsumoto Castle

Considered one of the most complete and beautiful original castles, Matsumoto Castle is unique because it was built on a plain. Its main tower has a secondary dungeon and tower attached to it. Its distinctive black exterior conveys a sense of grandeur. Inside, you'll climb steep staircases, see trapdoors for dropping stones on invaders, and archer's bows. From the top floor, you'll have a privileged view of the city. In spring, it's a very popular spot for viewing the iconic cherry blossoms.

1. Himeji Castle

Known as the "White Heron Castle," Himeji is widely considered Japan's most spectacular castle. It is a jewel: a National Treasure and a World Heritage Site. Unlike many others, it was never destroyed by war, earthquakes, or fire. Its pristine white complex was completed in 1609 and stands at a strategic point on the western route to the ancient capital, Kyoto. Its size, beauty, and state of preservation are unparalleled.

Each of these castles offers a unique glimpse into feudal Japan. Choosing which one to visit depends on whether you prefer the accessibility of a plain, the adventure of a mountain, or the romantic view of cherry blossoms.