The Most Impressive Mosques in Indonesia: A Look at Their Unique Architecture

Indonesia, the country with the world's largest Muslim population, is home to some of the most architecturally fascinating mosques on the planet. If you're interested in architecture, design, and culture, these sites offer profound insights into Indonesian creativity and spirituality. Here's a selection of mosques you shouldn't miss.

Great Mosque of Central Java, Semarang

In the capital of Central Java, you'll find this complex, organized into three main U-shaped buildings that create a spacious courtyard. Its design incorporates Javanese principles; the central roof resembles that of a traditional local house, but also symbolizes the steps toward the presence of God. More than just a place of worship, the complex functions as a complete tourist destination, with a museum, convention center, café, and hotel.

Tiban Mosque, Malang

In the heart of a humble village, this ten-story mosque stands out with its distinctive appearance. Its history is peculiar: locals say the building appeared almost mysteriously, its construction unnoticed, leading many to believe it was the work of spirits. The massive structure is highly ornate, with intricate patterns in every corner and dominated by blue and white hues. The complex includes an Islamic school and public areas such as ponds, terraces, and gazebos.

Mosque of the Islamic Center of Samarinda

Located on the banks of the mighty Mahakam River, this mosque is an icon of Samarinda in East Kalimantan. It is an architectural masterpiece with seven imposing minarets and a main dome adorned with floral patterns, inspired by the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul. Its ceramic floor, bordered with granite, lends a luxurious feel to the interior. The view of the complex from the nearby Mahakam Bridge is simply breathtaking.

Al-Irsyad Mosque, Bandung

At first glance, this minimalist, futuristic cube might not look like a traditional mosque. However, upon closer inspection, you can discern Arabic phrases of worship to Allah embedded in its exterior. Designed by architect and mayor of Bandung, Ridwan Kamil, the building employs an open landscape concept, emphasizing its connection to nature and natural light. Its award-winning design incorporates symbols of Islam in its meticulous details, such as 99 light bulbs representing the 99 names of Allah.

Al-Akbar Mosque, Surabaya

Also known as the Great Mosque of Surabaya, it is the third largest mosque in Indonesia. It has 45 main entrances crafted from fine teak wood and a leaf-shaped dome in shades of blue and green that crowns the expansive two-story building. From its 99-meter-high tower, you can enjoy a panoramic view of the city and the neighboring villages of Sidoarjo and Bangkalan.

Dian al Mahri Mosque, Depok

Known as the Golden Dome Mosque, its five gold-covered domes are impossible to miss. Its architecture is inspired by Middle Eastern style, with multiple minarets, domes, and Islamic decorative details. This exquisite mosque was named in honor of its benefactor, businesswoman Hj. Dian Djuriah Maimun Al Rashid. Spanning 50 hectares, it is also one of the largest mosques in Southeast Asia.

Baiturrahman Grand Mosque, Banda Aceh

Located in the heart of Aceh province, this mosque survived the devastating 2004 tsunami, sheltering thousands of evacuees within its sturdy structure. After renovations, it reopened in 2017, retaining its original design with grand domes and an elegant, monochromatic facade. Originally built in 1879, the mosque incorporated materials such as marble from China, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Its updated appearance includes hydraulic umbrella-shaped towers and a new reflecting pool in its front courtyard.

99 Domes Mosque (Asmaul Husna), Makassar

Officially inaugurated in 2022, this mosque is a striking new religious icon in South Sulawesi. It is part of the Center Point of Indonesia (CPI) development. Designed by the Governor of West Java, Ridwan Kamil, in collaboration with local architect Mursive, its architectural style blends classic modern elements with futuristic ones. Its 99 colorful domes represent the 99 names of Allah (Asmaul Husna), making it one of the most distinctive mosques in Indonesia.

The mosque, reminiscent of Turkish mosques, covers an area of approximately 72 x 45 meters and boasts vibrant colors in shades of red, yellow, orange, white, and blue. It comprises a basement, ground floor, and upper floor. Ridwan Kamil's design concept is based on the Asmaul Husna, incorporating ornamentation in perpendicular Kufic calligraphy.